MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHANGE OF THYMUS GLAND CELLS IN RATS UNDER CONDITIONS OF MOUNTAIN HYPOXIA

The problem of adaptation of the body to extreme influences, including oxygen starvation, will always be in the focus of attention of researchers of various profiles, since oxygen deficiency in one form or another accompanies a person throughout the entire life cycle. Equally important is the problem of using adaptation to hypoxia for the prevention and treatment of diseases, as well as increasing the body's resistance to various adverse environmental factors. Currently, there is no doubt that the immune system also plays a certain role in the complex response of the human body and animals to the effect of hypoxia. A study of the histology of the thymus in 60 1-year-old rats living in various ecological and climatic conditions of Kyrgyzstan was carried out. Morphofunctional structures of the thymus gland in 1 - year - old rats were studied. Research methods: 1. Anatomical methods (preparation). 2. Histological methods (hemotoxylin-eosin staining, according to Van Gieson). As a result of a study of rats in Bishkek (770 m above sea level) in low-altitude conditions, all indicators of the control group are within normal limits. Indicators in the Too -Ashu in high-altitude conditions (3200 m above sea level), a noticeable change in cells, for example, the number of indicators of lymphoblasts increased. In the conditions of the Cholpon-Ata midlands (1660 m above sea level), cell counts decreased slightly. Indicators of this study of 1-year- old rats in the conditions of the highlands of Naryn (2000 m above sea level), the dynamics of cell populations in a unit of the conditional area of the cortical substance of the thymus lobule in 1-year- old rats revealed slightly decreased cell indicators compared to the middle mountains of Cholpon- Ata. Thus, Bishkek in conditions of low mountains, i.e. 770 m above sea level, all indicators of the control group are within normal limits. In high-altitude conditions (3200 m above sea level), a noticeable change in cells, for example, the number of lymphoblast indicators increased by 70.1%, small lymphocytes by 7.5%, аpoptotic bodies 9.5%.  Indicators of macrophages increased by 31.0%. Stereometric characteristics the cortical substance of the thymus of 1-year-old rats is 60.6% more. The medulla parts of thymus increased by 46.5%