TUBERCULOSIS OF THE FEMALE GENITAL ORGANS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Tuberculosis of the female genital organs (FGTB) is caused by the bacillus Mycobacteria tuberculosis and is usually secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis. The prevalence of tuberculosis of the female genital organs is not accurate, since in most cases it is not diagnosed in time. In different countries, the incidence of FGTB varies from 1% to 30%. During the primary infection with M. tuberculosis, spread occurs by hematogenous and/or lymphogenous routes and is deposited in various organs in the form of latent forms. In 5-15% of infected patients, latent forms of mycobacteria are reactivated under the influence of various factors, causing a secondary disease. Tuberculosis of the female genital organs, especially in underdeveloped countries, continues to be the main cause of menstrual irregularities and infertility. The most common manifestation of FGTB is infertility due to damaged fallopian tubes, very low endometrial receptivity, or ovarian damage with low ovarian reserve and volume. The diagnosis of FGTB requires confirmation by a combination of tests. Gynecologists may start by obtaining information through the patient's medical history, general physical examination, abdominal examination, and gynecological examination. Chest x-ray may show active pulmonary or old healed lesions of previous tuberculosis, leading to suspicion of genital involvement. Conventional methods for diagnosing FGTB include various imaging, bacteriological, molecular, and pathological methods, which are positive in only a small percentage of patients, leaving the condition undetected in many cases. As with pulmonary tuberculosis, treatment for FBM lasts a total of six months. Surgery is not recommended in SVT due to multiple risks, and oral anti-tuberculosis therapy is recommended. Of great importance is informing patients with pulmonary tuberculosis about the need to comply with infectious measures, as well as compliance with the recommended therapy regimen