Features of orbital visualization in cranio-orbital injuries (literature review)

The diagnosis of traumatic orbital injuries presents certain difficulties for radiologists, it becomes even more difficult if the injury of the orbit is combined with injuries to the brain and skull. In cranio-orbital injuries, anterior chamber injuries, lens injuries, eyeball injuries, retinal detachment, foreign bodies in the intraorbital region, carotid-cavernous anastomoses and damage to the optic nerve are most common. Vehicle collisions and sports-related injuries are common causes of orbital injury. Fortunately, both of these causes can be prevented to some extent. Seat belts have been shown to reduce the prevalence of eye injuries by more than 50%; the prevalence is further reduced when using airbags. Preventive measures have also led to a significant reduction in sports- related eye injuries. For example, in Canadian youth hockey, eye injuries decreased by 68% after players were required to wear face visors. Unfortunately, trauma is still the cause of significant orbital morbidity. In 1990, it was estimated that 40% of cases of monocular blindness in the United States were caused by trauma