State of bone mineral density in the female population of the Kyrgyz Republic

Osteoporosis is a progressive disease characterised by a decrease in bone mineral density, increasing bone fragility and risk of fractures. The study aimed to assess prevalence of osteoporosis and identify associated risk factors among postmenopausal women in Bishkek (Kyrgyz Republic). Study included 470 postmenopausal women who had lived in Bishkek (Kyrgyz Republic) for at least 5 years, including residents of Bishkek social care home (a residential care home for elderly). Age of participants ranged from 45 to 89 years, with a mean age of 60.1 ± 14.03 (95% CI 51.49-70.18). All participants were examined upon admission to Multidisciplinary Clinical Hospital No. 2 in Bishkek from July 2023 to August 2024. In postmenopausal women, prevalence of osteoporosis was 20.8%, osteopenic syndrome – 43.0% and normal bone mineral density – 36.2%. Thus, participants with a longer duration of menopause (more than 10 years) and concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus had a higher prevalence of osteoporosis (p < 0.05). Furthermore, participants with a family history of symptoms associated with osteoporosis and bone fractures, as well as with personal history of bone fractures, also had higher prevalence of osteoporosis (p < 0.05). Smoking had a negative impact on bone health (p < 0.026). Overall prevalence of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women was 20.8%, and osteopenia was 43.0%. Raising awareness and encouraging lifestyle changes may help reduce risk and burden of osteoporosis among women in this age group