COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPLICATIONS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF LOWER MACROGNATHIA IN PATIENTS OPERATED USING PLANAR AND VERTICAL OSTEOTOMIES OF THE MANDIBULAR BRANCHES

The article presents a comparative analysis of complications of surgical treatment of lower macrognathia in patients operated on using planar and vertical osteotomies of the mandibular branches. A retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes in 132 patients operated on at the maxillofacial surgery clinic from 1992 to 2010 was performed, together with clinical and radiological examination of patients with recurrent deformity. It was established that complications of both methods may occur during surgery, in the early postoperative period, and in long-term follow-up, although their frequency and structure differ. It was shown that planar osteotomy was more often associated with intraoperative bleeding, fragment fractures, injury to the inferior alveolar nerve, inflammatory processes, and recurrence of deformity. In vertical osteotomy, complications were less frequent, although scars in the submandibular area and some temporomandibular joint disorders were observed in the long-term period. It was found that the development of complications was largely associated with errors at the outpatient and preoperative stages, as well as with insufficient comprehensiveness of examination. It was concluded that vertical osteotomy of the mandibular branches is characterised by a lower rate of complications compared with planar osteotomy, whereas planar osteotomy is technically more difficult and more traumatic to perform.