FUNCTIONAL CHANGES OF URINARY TRACT IN GESTATIONAL PYELONEPHRITIS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

The term “gestational pyelonephritis (GP)” refers to the infectious-inflammatory process in the interstitial tissues, pelvicalyceal system, and calcium apparatus of the kidneys which sharply arise or aggravate under the influence of urodynamic disorders during pregnancy. This publication explains the factors resulting in the development of the GP with the description of functional changes in the urinary tract in different stages of pregnancy, the epidemiological spread of GP, and defined fundamental etiopathogenetic aspects of the appearance and development of GP. It was revealed that the spread of GP in the general structure of infectious-inflammatory diseases in pregnant women is 20-40%. In 2020 the statistics of the frequency of spread of GP in Kyrgyzstan was 1.6 per 1000 births, therefore Bishkek city is 6.9 per 1000 births. It is indicated that physiological processes occurring in the background of pregnancy could lay the foundation for the development of pyelonephritis which could aggravate the pregnancy flow and negatively affect the condition of the mother and fetus. Nowadays, the study of the questions regarding the functional changes in the urinary tract by GP is continuing to be actual since the ethiopathic criteria of the emergence of the disturbance of the urine passageways in pregnant wiriomen are still examined, as well as the methods of early detection, treatment, and prevention of the appearance of GP. States that the change in the functional condition of urinary pathways in GP is connected with anatomical changes, occurring in the organism of the patient during the different stages of pregnancy, changes in the background of hemodynamics and urology with hormonal disbalance, and mechanical stress of uterus on ureters by noticeable switches in the immune system. It is indicated that the mark of functional condition of the urinary tract during the different pregnancy stages will allow diagnosing pathological conditions in kidneys and ureters, learning the disturbance of the urine tract, improving the treatment system, and increasing the effectiveness of prophylactic events directed on GP.