MODERN UNDERSTANDING OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF VACCINATION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA (LITERATURE REVIEW)

To date, bronchial asthma continues to remain one of the most frequent chronic non-communicable diseases of the respiratory system, which in turn makes it a global problem of the healthcare system. Modern international and national guidelines for the management of pediatric patients highlight the significant role of respiratory infections in the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. Respiratory infections determine the phenotypic realisation of bronchial asthma and serve as the most frequent trigger of its exacerbation in children and adolescents. The impact of viruses on the mucous membrane of the bronchial tree and bacterial colonisation lead to microbial damage and inflammation, thereby facilitating the penetration of allergens and, as a consequence, increasing the risk of bronchial asthma exacerbation. The presented systematic literature review demonstrates the effectiveness of active immunisation in patients with bronchial asthma. The use of vaccines for the prevention of respiratory tract infections in children and adolescents with bronchial asthma in combination with traditional treatment methods leads to a reduction in the number of hospitalisations, improvement in the level of symptom control, and enhancement of quality of life.