Individual anatomo-radiological characteristics of structure, blood supply and innervation of the mandible (literature review)

This review analyzes the individual anatomical and radiological characteristics of the structure, blood supply, and innervation of the mandible. The mandible is a key craniofacial structure involved in chewing, speech, and facial aesthetics. Morphological features, including variations in bony canals, neurovascular bundles, and cortical bone relief, are of great clinical significance in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. The article systematizes data from 35 scientific sources selected based on relevance, methodological quality, and originality. Particular attention is given to modern imaging techniques – cone-beam CT, MRI, and radiography, which enable identification of individual anatomical variations: the presence of lingual canals, radiodensity of the incisive canal, and the course of the mandibular canal and its proximity to dental roots. The clinical relevance of these structures is discussed in the context of anesthesia, dental implantation, surgery, and treatment planning. The review emphasizes the need for a personalized approach and in-depth understanding of mandibular anatomical variations to improve safety and efficacy in dental and surgical procedures