Causes, structure and clinical features of external nose injuries

External nasal trauma is a common type of craniofacial injury, particularly in children and adolescents. Understanding its causes, anatomical structures involved, and clinical features is essential for timely diagnosis and effective treatment. Objective: To analyze the etiology, morphological characteristics, clinical presentation, and treatment approaches for external nasal injuries. Methods. The study involved clinical, otorhinolaryngological, ophthalmological, neurosurgical, radiological (including multi-slice computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and conebeam computed tomography), and laboratory examinations. Patient medical records were analyzed to assess structural changes in the nasal bones, paranasal sinuses, orbits, and brain. Functional outcomes were evaluated using acoustic rhinometry; aesthetic results were assessed through photographic comparisons; and quality of life was measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 4.0). Results. The leading causes of nasal trauma were domestic accidents, sports injuries, and road traffic incidents. Fractures with nasal deformity were the most common type of injury, often requiring reposition. The optimal period for surgical intervention was found to be 5–10 days post-injury. A multidisciplinary approach significantly improved both functional and aesthetic outcomes. Conclusion. Early diagnosis and timely management of external nasal trauma are critical for preventing complications and ensuring optimal functional and cosmetic results. A comprehensive, interdisciplinary evaluation is essential in managing such injuries effectively