Comparative epidemiology of atopic dermatitis in Kyrgyzstan and other countries (literature review)

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by itching, dryness, flaking, and recurrence. It is one of the most common allergic dermatoses and has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients, especially children and adolescents. According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of atopic dermatitis among children ranges from 10 to 20%, and among adults, from 1 to 3%. In the Kyrgyz Republic, the incidence of the disease is increasing, especially in large cities and industrially developed regions. The highest number of visits is recorded in the spring and fall, due to seasonal climate changes and increased allergen load. The increase in atopic dermatitis cases in Kyrgyzstan is linked to environmental changes, urbanization, and lifestyle changes. Lack of awareness among parents and teachers about proper skin care for children leads to frequent flare-ups and complications. The increasing incidence of atopic dermatitis is the result of a combination of heredity and environmental factors. The main causes are urbanization, pollution, loss of biodiversity, and lifestyle changes. To slow this trend, environmental measures, education, and prevention from childhood are necessary. This requires the active implementation of prevention programs at the clinic and school level, advanced training for healthcare workers, and public outreach. Atopic dermatitis is a global problem, the incidence of which is increasing worldwide, especially among children, and is often chronic. The prevalence and characteristics of atopic dermatitis in Kyrgyzstan have not been adequately studied; however, as elsewhere, it is a serious condition that reduces quality of life. Atopic dermatitis is a significant medical and social problem that requires a comprehensive approach to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The development and implementation of national programs for the control of atopic dermatitis in the Kyrgyz Republic can help reduce the prevalence of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients