Том 18, № 2, 2026 / Страницы 118-132

Неотложная помощь 4-й категории срочности на уровне первичной медико-санитарной помощи: популяционный подход к оптимизации ресурсов

sharmenovasaltanat@outlook.com

Получено 13.11.2025
Доработано 27.04.2026
Принято 29.05.2026

Аннотация

Целью исследования являлся анализ влияния реформы маршрутизации вызовов четвёртой категории срочности на динамику структурных и операционных показателей службы скорой медицинской помощи Республики Казахстан в 2019-2024 годах. Методологическую основу составило ретроспективное популяционное исследование на основе агрегированных данных официальной государственной статистики. Применялись расчёт коэффициента популяционной нагрузки на 1 000 населения, коэффициента нерезультативной нагрузки, индекса кадровой трансформации, базисный метод оценки темпов прироста и сравнительный анализ структурных долей. Коэффициент популяционной нагрузки продемонстрировал V-образную траекторию: снижение с 426,2 до 374,6 на 1 000 населения в 2020 г. (-12,1%) с последующим восстановлением до 416,9 в 2024 г. Анализ структуры обращений показал, что после 2019 года (30,2%) вызовы четвертой категории срочности перешли в разряд доминирующих. На протяжении 2020-2024 годов они устойчиво лидировали, составляя более 36% от общего числа выездов службы. Доля опозданий по вызовам 4 категории у бригад первичной медико-санитарной помощи составила 2,8% против 5,1% у бригад скорой медицинской помощи. Коэффициент нерезультативной нагрузки сохранялся в диапазоне 4,04-4,94% при структурной перестройке его компонентов: необоснованные вызовы снизились на 60,3%, тогда как безрезультатные выезды выросли на 55,8%. Укомплектованность врачебными кадрами в 2024 г. составила 75,8%, дефицит врачей достиг 471,25 штатных единицы (+39,1% к 2023 г.). Износ санитарного автотранспорта вернулся к критическому уровню – 60,4%. Показатель успешной реанимации вырос с 38,3% до 53,1% (+14,8 п.п.). Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для совершенствования межуровневой маршрутизации вызовов скорой медицинской помощи, обоснования региональных управленческих решений по развитию инфраструктуры первичной медико-санитарной помощи и планирования кадрового обеспечения службы

Ключевые слова

структура вызовов; реформа маршрутизации; безрезультатные выезды; доля опозданий; межуровневое взаимодействие; своевременность реагирования

ЦИТИРОВАНИЕ

APA Style
Sharmenova, S. (2026). Category 4 emergency care at the primary health care level: A population-based approach to resource optimisation. Eurasian Health Journal, 18(2), 118-132. https://doi.org/10.54890/1694-8882-2026-2-118
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Vancouver Style
Sharmenova, S.. Category 4 emergency care at the primary health care level: A population-based approach to resource optimisation. Eurasian Health J. 2026;18(2):118-32. https://doi.org/10.54890/1694-8882-2026-2-118
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